| Agent Name | Acetic anhydride |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 108-24-7 |
| Formula | C4-H6-O3 |
| Major Category | Other Classes |
| Synonyms | Acetic acid anhydride, Acetic oxide, Acetyl oxide, Ethanoic anhydride |
| Category | Acid Anhydrides, Other |
| Description | Colorless liquid with a strong, pungent, vinegar-like odor; |
| Sources/Uses | Used to manufacture cellulose acetate fibers, plastics, pharmaceuticals, dyes, perfumes, explosives, and food starches; [ACGIH] |
| Comments | Evidence of skin sensitization in a guinea pig study, but insufficient data to recommend SEN notation; Workers exposed to >5 ppm have immediate eye and respiratory irritation; [ACGIH] Liquid causes second degree burns after contact for a few minutes. [CHRIS] Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] Inhalation of high concentrations can cause bronchospasm and pulmonary edema. [NIOSH Guidelines for Chemical Hazards] A lachrymator; [CHEMINFO] |
| Exposure Assessment | |
| Skin Designation (ACGIH) | Insufficient data |
| TLV (ACGIH) | 1 ppm |
| Ceiling (ACGIH) | 3 ppm |
| PEL (OSHA) | 5 ppm |
| MAK | 5 ppm |
| IDLH (NIOSH) | 200 ppm |
| Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs | Basis for original (SCP) IDLH. . According to AIHA [1971], all rats exposed for 4 hours to 2,000 ppm were dead within 14 days while all rats exposed for 4 hours to 1,000 ppm survived the 14-day observation period [Capellini and Sartorelli 1967]. Because 2,000 ppm is obviously too high to be selected as the IDLH, 1,000 ppm has been chosen. . . . Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for acetic anhydride is 200 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Deichmann and Gerarde 1969]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers. |
| Vapor Pressure | 4 mm Hg |
| Odor Threshold Low | 0.12 ppm |
| Odor Threshold High | 0.36 ppm |
| Lethal Concentration | LC50 (rat) = 1,000 ppm/4H |
| Explanatory Notes | Detection odor threshold from AIHA (mean <0.14 ppm); |
| Reference Link | |
| Flammability (NFPA) | |
| Adverse Effects | |
| Lacrimator | Yes |
| Toxic Pneumonitis | Yes |
| Dermatotoxin | Skin Burns |
| ACGIH Carcinogen | Not Classifiable |
| Links to Other NLM Databases | |
| Health Studies | Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: |
| Toxicity Information | |
| Chemical Information | |
| Biomedical References | |
| Related Information in HazMap | |
| Other Information | No other related information on this agent was found. |
Agent Name
Acetic anhydride
CAS Number
108-24-7
Formula
C4-H6-O3
Major Category
Other Classes
Synonyms
Acetic acid anhydride, Acetic oxide, Acetyl oxide, Ethanoic anhydride
Category
Acid Anhydrides, Other
Description
Colorless liquid with a strong, pungent, vinegar-like odor;
Sources/Uses
Used to manufacture cellulose acetate fibers, plastics, pharmaceuticals, dyes, perfumes, explosives, and food starches; [ACGIH]
Comments
Evidence of skin sensitization in a guinea pig study, but insufficient data to recommend SEN notation; Workers exposed to >5 ppm have immediate eye and respiratory irritation; [ACGIH] Liquid causes second degree burns after contact for a few minutes. [CHRIS] Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] Inhalation of high concentrations can cause bronchospasm and pulmonary edema. [NIOSH Guidelines for Chemical Hazards] A lachrymator; [CHEMINFO]
Exposure Assessment
Skin Designation (ACGIH)
Insufficient data
TLV (ACGIH)
1 ppm
Ceiling (ACGIH)
3 ppm
PEL (OSHA)
5 ppm
MAK
5 ppm
IDLH (NIOSH)
200 ppm
Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH. . According to AIHA [1971], all rats exposed for 4 hours to 2,000 ppm were dead within 14 days while all rats exposed for 4 hours to 1,000 ppm survived the 14-day observation period [Capellini and Sartorelli 1967]. Because 2,000 ppm is obviously too high to be selected as the IDLH, 1,000 ppm has been chosen. . . . Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for acetic anhydride is 200 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Deichmann and Gerarde 1969]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers.
Vapor Pressure
4 mm Hg
Odor Threshold Low
0.12 ppm
Odor Threshold High
0.36 ppm
Lethal Concentration
LC50 (rat) = 1,000 ppm/4H
Explanatory Notes
Detection odor threshold from AIHA (mean <0.14 ppm);
Reference Link
Flammability (NFPA)
Adverse Effects
Lacrimator
Yes
Toxic Pneumonitis
Yes
Dermatotoxin
Skin Burns
ACGIH Carcinogen
Not Classifiable
Links to Other NLM Databases
Toxicity Information
Chemical Information
Biomedical References
Related Information in HazMap
Other Information
No other related information on this agent was found.